Or, if using sudo, just add sudo to the part immediately preceding "postsuper":
mailq | tail -n +2 | awk 'BEGIN { RS = "" } / user@domain\.com$/ { print $1 }' | tr -d '*!' | sudo postsuper -d -
Note: This command line was run on a CentOS 6.10 box with Postfix version 2.6.6